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The development of asymmetric processes has been the focus of industrial research as most of the molecules of pharmaceutical interest contain chiral center(s). Many of the reported processes employ organometallic reagents in their key transformations. This review surveys chemical processes involving organolithium species in their enantioselective steps published in the past decade.
Organometallic transformations involving titanium are employed both catalytically and stoichiometrically in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. The current review outlines a number of examples of the industrial applications of organotitanium reagents over the past decade. In addition, several reactions are briefly reviewed for which no industrial applications have been reported, but for...
Asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogen transfer reactions of various substrates such as prochiral ketones and olefins using Rh(I) and Ru(II) complexes will be reviewed. These asymmetric transformations have provided organic chemists with efficient routes to a wide variety of optically active compounds with important biological activities. Based on the success and the marvelous abilities of...
A brief discussion of the methods for cyclopropane formation emphasizing organometallic reagents and catalysts is followed by several examples of the application of these methods in the manufacture of functional chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The unique challenges faced by scientists in a process environment will be emphasized.
A wide variety of highly selective asymmetric reactions catalyzed by chiral (salen)metal complexes have been disclosed over the past decade. Salen ligands are among the most synthetically accessible frameworks for asymmetric catalysts, and their structures are readily tuned both sterically and electronically. However, one particular chiral salen ligand (1) has been demonstrated to be highly effective...
Over the past two decades the asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) and asymmetric aminohydroxylation (AA) of alkenes has attracted a great deal of attention. Many literature examples have demonstrated that good to excellent ees and yields can be obtained with a diverse range of alkenes. The ability to perform reactions on small to moderate scale has led to increased utilization in larger scale applications...
The utility of inter- and intramolecular Heck arylations in the synthesis of intermediates for the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients and in the synthesis of natural products of pharmaceutical importance is described.
The use of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling methods for the construction of C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds have increased exponentially over the years. The variety of mild and chemoselective coupling conditions available make these coupling protocols very desirable for the preparation of compounds with highly functionalized and complex molecular structures. Pharmaceutical companies have used these methods for...
The unique structural and chemotherapeutic properties of β-lactams continue to attract the attention of synthetic community since they present a variety of challenges. To synthesize cephalosporins with enhanced biological properties, efforts were focused on the modifications of the C(3) position of cephems with all carbon substituents. For example, cephalosporins with olefinic and allylic side chains...
Metal-mediated processes are used within the pharmaceutical industry to prepare drug intermediates and drug substances. As such, the process research and development scientist is often faced with the challenge of removing the spent metal from the process stream. There exist many tactics that can be applied towards this goal. This review summarizes options for metal removal from process streams against...
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